Legal Tools
- 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights
- 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of the Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict
- 1970 UNESCO Convention
- 1972 UNESCO World Heritage Convention
- 1996 the European Convention on the Protection of Archaeological Heritage
- 1999 Second Protocol to the 1954 Hague Convention
- 1990 Cairo Declaration of Human Right
- 2003 UNESCO Convention for Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage
- 2005 the Council of Europe Framework Convention on the Value of Cultural Heritage and Society
Academic Papers
Abtahi, H. (2001) The protection of cultural property in times of armed conflict: the practice of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. Harvard Human Rights Journal, 14.
Baslar, K. (1998) The concept of the common heritage of mankind in international law, London, The Hague.
Boylan, P. J. (1993) Review of the Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict (the Hague Convention of 1954). UNESCO.
Boylan, P. J. (2002a) The 1954 Hague Convention on the protection of cultural property in the event of armed conflict and its 1954 and 1999 protocols. IFLA.
Boylan, P. J. (2002b) The Concept of Cultural Protection in Times of Armed Conflict: from the Crusades to the New Millennium. IN TUBB, K. W. & BRODIE, N. (Eds.) Illicit Antiquities. The Theft of Culture and the Extinction of Archaeology. London, Routledge.
Boylan, P. J. (2006) Implementing the 1954 Hague Convention and its Protocols: legal and practical implications. Chicago.
Carducci, G. (2005) FOCUS- Ethics and Heritage: Ethics, Law and Heritage. ICOM News, 58, 5.
Carnahan, B. M. (1998) Lincoln, Lieber and the Laws of War: the origins and limits of the principle of military necessity. The American Journal of International Law, 92, 213-231.
Clément, E. (1994) Some Recent Practical Experience in the Implementation of the 1954 Hague Convention. International Journal of Cultural Property, 11, 11-25.
Colonel Mahon, A. E. (1934) The Roerich Banner of Peace. What it is. The Assam Review, June.
Colwell, #8211, Chanthaphonh, C. & Piper, J. (2001) War and Cultural Property: The 1954 Hague Convention and the Status of U.S. Ratification. International Journal of Cultural Property, 10, 217-245.
Crawford, N. C. (2003) The Slippery Slope to Preventive War. Ethics & International Affairs, 17, 30-36.
Forrest, C. J. S. (2007) Cultural heritage as the common heritage of humankind: a critical re-evaluation. The Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa, 40, 177-220.
Francioni, F. (1988a) Controlling illicit trade in art objects: the 1995 UNIDROIT Convention. IN FRANCIONI, F., DEL VECCHIO, A. & DE CATERINI, P. (Eds.) Protezione internazionale del patrimonio culturale: interessi nazionali e difesa del patrimonio comune della cultura. Roma, Giuffré.
Francioni, F. (1988b) Principi e criteri ispiratori per la protezione internazionale del patrimonio culturale. IN FRANCIONI, F., DEL VECCHIO, A. & DE CATERINI, P. (Eds.) Protezione internazionale del patrimonio culturale: interessi nazionali e difesa del patrimonio comune della cultura. Roma, Giuffré.
Francioni, F. (2000) Of War, Humanity and Justice: International Law after Kossovo. Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law, 4, 107-126.
Francioni, F. (2002) Thirty years on: is the World Heritage Convention ready for the 21st Century? The Italian Yearbook of International Law, 12, 13-38.
Francioni, F. (2004) Beyond State Soveregnty: The Protection of Cultural Heritage as a Shared Interest of Humanity. Michigan Journal of International Law, 25, 1209-1228.
Francioni, F. (2007) A Dynamic Evolution of the Concept and Scope: From Cultural Property to Cultural Heritage. IN YUSUF, A. A. (Ed.) Normative Action in Education, Science and Culture. Essays in Commemoration of Sixtieth Anniversary of UNESCO. Leiden/ Boston, UNESCO & Martinus Nijhoff.
Francioni, F. (2008) Culture, Heritage and Human Rights: an Introduction. IN FRANCIONI, F. & SHEININ, M. (Eds.) Cultural Human Rights. Leiden/Boston, Martinus Nijhoff.
Francioni, F. & Lenzerini, F. (2003) The destruction of the Buddhas of Bamiyan and international law. Eur J Int Law, 14, 619-651.
Francioni, F. & Lenzerini, F. (2006) The Obligation to Prevent and Avoid Destruction of Cultural Heritage: From Bamiyan to Iraq. IN HOFFMAN, B. T. (Ed.) Art and cultural heritage : law, policy and practice. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Francioni, F. & Lenzerini, F. (Eds.) (2008) The 1972 World Heritage Convention: a commentary, Oxford/New York, Oxford University Press.
Frigo, M. (2004) Cultural property v. cultural heritage: a "battle of concepts" in international law? International Review of the Red Cross, 367-378.
Frulli, M. (2005) Advancing the protection of cultural property through the implementation of individual criminal responsibility: the case-law of international criminal tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. The Italian Yearbook of International Law, 15, 195-216.
Garner, J. W. (1920) International law and the World War, London, Longmans.
Gerstenblith, P. (1998) Art, antiquity and the law: preserving our global cultural heritage.
Gerstenblith, P. (2009a) Archaeology in the context of war:legal frameworks for protecting Cltural Heritage during armed conflict. Archaeologies, 5, Number 1, 18-31.
Gerstenblith, P. (2009b) Controlling the international market in antiquities: reducing the harm, preserving the past.
Gerstenblith, P. (2009c) Shultz and Barakat: universal recognition of national ownership of antiquities. Art, Antiquity and Law, XIV, 21-48.
Gioia, A. (1988) La Protezione dei Beni Culturali nei Conflitti Armati. IN FRANCIONI, F., DEL VECCHIO, A. & DE CATERINI, P. (Eds.) Protezione internazionale del patrimonio culturale: interessi nazionali e difesa del patrimonio comune della cultura. Roma, Giuffré.
Goldsmith, J. L. & Posner, E. A. (Eds.) (2007) The limits of international law, New York, Oxford University Press.
Grant, F. R. (1933) The Roerich Banner of Peace. Educational Review.
Green, L. C. (2000) The contemporary law of armed conflict, Manchester, Manchester University Press.
Greenwood, C. (1987) The Concept of War in Modern International Law. The International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 36, 283-306.
Hladik, J. (2002) The NATO/PFP Seminar A Challenge in Peace Support Operations International Journal of Cultural Property, 11, 166-167.
Hladik, J. (2003a) Risk-Preparedness Under the 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict and its Second Protocol International Symposium: Cultural Heritage Disaster Preparedness and Response. Hyderabad, India, ICOM.
Hladik, J. (2003b) The Second Protocol to the 1954 Hague Convention and Progress in International Humanitarian Law. Museum International, 55, 44-50.
Hladik, J. (2004a) Marking of cultural property with the distinctive emblem of the 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict. International Review of the Red Cross, 86, 379-387.
Hladik, J. (2004b) The UNESCO declartion concernig the interntional destruction of cultural heritage. Art, Antiquity and Law, 9, 215-236.
Hladik, J. (2005) The 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict: Some observations on the implementation at the national level Museum International.
Holland, T. E. (1876) The Brussels Conference of 1874, and other diplomatic attempts to mitigate the rigour of warfare. Delivered at All Souls College, Oxford and London, James Parker.
Joyner, C. C. (1986) Legal Implications of the Concept of the Common Heritage of Mankind. The International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 35, 190-199.
Mancuso, F. (2010) Guerra giusta, nemico ingiusto: Schmitt interprete di Kant. Jura Gentium, VI.
Mastorodimos, K. (2009) The utility and limits of Internationsl Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law's parallel applicability. Review of International Law and Politics, 5, 129-151.
Müller, M. M. (1998) Cultural heritage protection: legitimacy, property, and functionalism. International Journal of Cultural Property, 7, 395-409.
Nahlik, S.-E. (1988) Protection of cultural property. IN UNESCO (Ed.) International dimensions of humanitarian law. Paris, Henry Dunant Institute.
Nz Ministry for Culture and Heritage, N. Z. (2007) Consultation paper on ratification of the 1954 Hague Convention on the protection of cultural property in the event of armed conflict and accession to its two protocols. Wellington.
O'keefe, R. (2004) World cultural heritage: obligations to the international community as a whole? The International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 53, 189-209.
Prott, L. V. & O'keefe, P. J. (1992) Cultural heritage or cultural property? International Journal of Cultural Property, 1, 307-320.
Rigstad, M. (2007) Jus ad bellum after 9/11: a state of the art report. International Political Theory.
Ronzitti, N. (2001) Diritto Internazionale dei conflitti armati, Torino, Giappichelli Editore.
Sapiro, M. (2003) Iraq: The Shifting Sands of Preemptive Self-Defense. American Journal of International Law, 97, 599-607.
Schindler, D. (1979) State of war, belligerency, armed conflict. IN CASSESE, A. (Ed.) The new humanitarian law of armed conflict. Napoli, Editoriale Scientifica.
Schwarzenberger, G. (1968) From the laws of war to the law of armed conflict. Current Legal Problems, 21, 239-258.
Segesser, D. M. & Gessler, M. (2005) Raphael Lemkin and the international debate on the punishment of war crimes (1919-1948). Journal of Genocide Research, 7, 453-468.
Shanghai, R. P. C. O. (1935-1936 ca.) Roerich Pact. Peace Banner. The Red Cross of Culture. Shanghai, Roerich Pact Committee of Shanghai.
Shibayev, V. A. (1935) The Roerich Pact for protection of cultural treasures. Lahore, Lion Press.
Stewart, J. (2003) Towards a single definition of armed conflict in international humanitarian law: a critique of internationalized armed conflict. International Review of the Red Cross, 85, 313-350.
Vattel, E. D. (1787) The law of nations or, principles of the law of nature: applied to the conduct and affairs of nations and sovereigns. By M. de Vattel. ... Translated from the French. Dublin, printed for Luke White.
Vitale, A. (2005) Nuove guerre, mutamento internazionale, trasformazioni del diritto. Jura Gentium, 1, 1-8.
Vrdoljak, A. F. (2007) Intentional destruction of cultural heritage and international law. IN KALLIOPI, K. (Ed.) Multiculturalism and International Law. Athens, Skkoulas Publications.
White, M. V. (1982) The common heritage of mankind: an assessment. Cae Western Reserve Journal of International Law, 14.